Timothy Awine

Navrongo Health Research Centre

55 publications · 1,706 citations · ORCID 0000-0002-7340-6111

Malaria Research and ControlMosquito-borne diseases and controlGlobal Maternal and Child HealthParasites and Host InteractionsPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

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Timothy Awine is a public health researcher specializing in infectious disease epidemiology and mathematical modelling, with a primary focus on malaria control in Ghana. Awine utilizes quantitative methods to evaluate intervention effectiveness, analyze spatio-temporal disease patterns, and assess the economic burden of disease. The research portfolio spans clinical trials, demographic surveillance, and cost-effectiveness analysis, predominantly addressing health challenges in West Africa.

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What are the comparative efficacy and adherence rates of new short-course latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) regimens versus traditional long-course therapies in high-burden, low-resource settings?

Why this gap exists: While a 2023 network meta-analysis [6] synthesizes general efficacy and adherence data for LTBI regimens, the retrieved evidence lacks direct comparative studies specifically focused on high-burden, low-resource settings, leaving the specific constraints of these environments unresolved.

Sources

New developments in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment — Breathe, 2022
Latent Tuberculosis and HIV Infection — Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2020
Epidemic and pandemic viral infections: impact on tuberculosis and the lung — European Respiratory Journal, 2020
Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems — Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2023
Drug resistant tuberculosis: Implications for transmission, diagnosis, and disease management — Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2022
Updates on the Treatment of Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline — American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2024
Efficacy and safety of different regimens in the treatment of patients with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials — Archives of Public Health, 2023
Improving Tuberculosis Medication Adherence: The Potential of Integrating Digital Technology and Health Belief Model — Tuberculosis & respiratory diseases, 2023
Mind the gap – Managing tuberculosis across the disease spectrum — EBioMedicine, 2022
Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment in High TB-Burden Settings: A State-of-the-Art Review — Drugs, 2024

What is the comparative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the one-step 75g OGTT versus the two-step (50g GCT followed by 100g OGTT) diagnostic approach in preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes?

Why this gap exists: While Abstract [7] compares diagnostic criteria and Abstract [4] compares 75g and 100g OGTTs, the retrieved evidence lacks direct, comparative studies on the cost-effectiveness and relative efficacy of the one-step versus two-step *approaches* in preventing adverse outcomes, leaving the specific question unresolved.

Sources

Glucose Intolerance after a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria — PLoS ONE, 2016
A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes — New England Journal of Medicine, 2009
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2013 — Diabetes Care, 2012
An Update on Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review — Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 2021
Comparison between 75-g and 100-g oral glucose tolerance tests using international association of diabetes and pregnancy study group one-step diagnostic threshold to detect gestational diabetes mellitus — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2025
Large language models for generating longitudinal synthetic data in low-risk pregnancy care. — Data in brief, 2026
Effects of physical activity and diet in pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on the differential effects of interventions with economic evaluation. — Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2026
187-OR: Randomized Clinical Trial of the IADPSG vs. Carpenter Coustan Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus — Diabetes, 2020
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and results of the screening tests at a tertiary referral center: A cross-sectional study. — Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2019
Gestational Diabetes in Somali Women: Neglected Risks for Maternal and Neonatal Health. — International journal of women's health, 2026

What is the comparative efficacy of household water treatment interventions versus improved water source infrastructure in reducing stunting among children under five in low- and middle-income countries?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature confirms associations between water quality and child growth (e.g., Abstracts 2, 5, 8), no study directly compares the efficacy of household water treatment interventions against improved water source infrastructure for reducing stunting, leaving the specific comparative question unresolved.

Sources

Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reduction — BMC Public Health, 2016
Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study — The Lancet Global Health, 2020
Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial — The Lancet Global Health, 2018
Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A Review — Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022
Associated factors with malnutrition among children under-5 years old in Somaliland: evidence from Somaliland health and demographic survey of 2020. — BMC public health, 2026
Safe Drinking Water and Its Impact on Children's Growth and Development: A Systematic Review. — International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026
Modelling the impact of dietary diversity on child nutrition in Pakistan: a machine learning analysis with Shapley Additive exPlanations and Boruta interpretability. — Journal of global health, 2026
Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis — The Lancet, 2022
Effect of Household Source of Drinking Water on Malnutrition among under Five Children in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — 2026
Water Bridging Dynamics of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Gauge Theory Paradigm of Quantum Fields — Water 2017, 9, 339, 2018

What is the comparative effectiveness of telemedicine versus traditional in-person care in maintaining essential antenatal coverage and reducing maternal mortality in low-income and middle-income countries during future health system shocks?

Why this gap exists: While abstracts [4], [7], [8], and [9] discuss digital tools and maternity care in low- and middle-income countries, none provide a direct comparative effectiveness analysis of telemedicine versus in-person care regarding maternal mortality during health system shocks, leaving the specific question unresolved.

Sources

COVID-19 and resilience of healthcare systems in ten countries — Nature Medicine, 2022
Community Health Workers Can Provide Psychosocial Support to the People During COVID-19 and Beyond in Low- and Middle- Income Countries — Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
Social Impacts and Responses Related to COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-income Countries — OpenDocs (Institute of Development Studies), 2020
Seizing the moment to rethink health systems — The Lancet Global Health, 2021
Use of mHealth in promoting maternal and child health in “BIMARU” states of India “A health system strengthening strategy”: Systematic literature review — PLOS Digital Health, 2024
Investments for effective functionality of health systems towards Universal Health Coverage in Africa: A scoping review — PLOS Global Public Health, 2022
Infant and young child feeding — OECD eBooks, 2023
Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of a Mobile Health Wallet for pregnancy-related health care: A qualitative study of stakeholders’ perceptions in Madagascar — PLoS ONE, 2020
The impact of digital interventions on health insurance coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services utilization in Kakamega, Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial — Health Policy and Planning, 2024
Seeking digital maternity healthcare during the pandemic health system shock: a systematic review of women's experiences in low- and middle-income countries — Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2026

What is the comparative efficacy of digital or telehealth lactation support versus traditional face-to-face peer support on breastfeeding exclusivity rates during pandemic-related social restrictions?

Why this gap exists: While Abstract [3] confirms the general effectiveness of digital health interventions on breastfeeding practices and Abstract [0] notes the cancellation of face-to-face peer support during the pandemic, the retrieved evidence does not contain a direct comparative study between digital/telehealth lactation support and traditional face-to-face peer support specifically regarding exclusivity rates during social restrictions.

Sources

Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID‐19: Lessons for future practical and emotional support — Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2020
Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health — BMJ, 2021
Effective Communication About Pregnancy, Birth, Lactation, Breastfeeding and Newborn Care: The Importance of Sexed Language — Frontiers in Global Women s Health, 2022
The Effectiveness of Parent-Targeted Digital Health Interventions on Breastfeeding Practices: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. — Journal of medical Internet research, 2026
Community and healthcare provider perspectives on HIV- and COVID-19–related stigma, fear and health-seeking barriers among pregnant and breastfeeding women in Uganda — 2026
Feeding practices of perinatal Sars-CoV-2-positive parents and their infants: a retrospective review and survey at a large US hospital system. — BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026
Telehealth for High-Risk Pregnancies in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic — American Journal of Perinatology, 2020
Examining norms and social expectations surrounding exclusive breastfeeding: Evidence from Mali — arXiv preprint, 2021
Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. — Lancet (London, England), 2025
Is Exclusive Breastfeeding Dangerous? — Clinical Lactation, 2018

What is the comparative efficacy of digital versus in-person delivery of mental health interventions for mitigating the increased risk of perinatal depression and anxiety in low-income and middle-income countries during future pandemic-like disruptions?

Why this gap exists: While abstracts [6] and [8] compare digital and in-person delivery during the pandemic, they are set in high-income contexts (Spain, unspecified high-income), and abstract [7] focuses on LMICs but lacks a comparative digital vs. in-person design, leaving the specific question of comparative efficacy in LMICs unresolved.

Sources