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Fareed K. N. Arthur

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

52 publications · 715 citations · ORCID 0000-0001-7897-2166

Cleft Lip and Palate ResearchCraniofacial Disorders and TreatmentsMalaria Research and ControlIron Metabolism and DisordersMosquito-borne diseases and control

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Fareed K. N. Arthur is a researcher whose work spans immunology, genetics, and public health nutrition, with a specific focus on malaria and congenital disorders in African populations. Arthur has investigated the genetic etiology of orofacial clefts and accessory breasts using next-generation sequencing, while also conducting extensive clinical trials on iron fortification and malaria vaccine efficacy. The research trajectory shows a shift from early studies on metabolic syndrome and cancer to a dominant focus on malaria immunology and craniofacial genetics.

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How do specific maternal microbiota profiles (gut, oral, or vaginal) during gestation correlate with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent long-term metabolic health in offspring?

Why this gap exists: While recent reviews [8] confirm GDM alters maternal gut microbiota and neonatal health, and older studies [0] note dysbiosis across maternal sites, the retrieved evidence lacks direct, longitudinal studies correlating specific gestational maternal microbiota profiles with the *long-term* metabolic health of offspring, leaving the core question unresolved.

Sources

  1. Dysbiosis of maternal and neonatal microbiota associated with gestational diabetes mellitus — Gut, 2018
  2. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease — Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2015
  3. Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study — Nature, 2018
  4. Microbiota in health and diseases — Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 2022
  5. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis — Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2024
  6. Perinatal phlorizin alleviates maternal high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in female mouse offspring and is associated with modulation of the gut microbiota. — Frontiers in nutrition, 2026
  7. Offspring long-term infectious morbidity following pregnancies with cervical cerclage. — Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2026
  8. Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease — Cell Research, 2020
  9. Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal-infant microbiome axis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions. — Journal of translational medicine, 2026
  10. Microbes in the Moonlight: How the Gut Microbiota Influences Sleep — arXiv preprint, 2025

What are the specific long-term treatment strategies required to mitigate the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature consistently establishes that maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offspring [1][2][3], it focuses primarily on pathogenesis and risk association rather than defining specific, evidence-based long-term treatment strategies for the children to mitigate these risks.

Sources

  1. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus — Diabetes Care, 2010
  2. A Clinical Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus — Endocrine Reviews, 2022
  3. Maternal Diabetes and Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Diseases in Offspring. — JAMA cardiology, 2026
  4. Gestational diabetes as an inter-generational cardiometabolic risk factor: spotlight on emerging exerkines. — Cardiovascular diabetology, 2026
  5. Gestational diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic intervention. — Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2026
  6. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i> — Diabetes Care, 2021
  7. Maternal congenital heart disease and risk of child developmental vulnerability in early school age: A population-based cohort study. — PLoS medicine, 2026
  8. Gestational Diabetes in Somali Women: Neglected Risks for Maternal and Neonatal Health. — International journal of women's health, 2026
  9. Gestational Diabetes and Obesity: Immediate and Late Sequelae for Offspring. — Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025
  10. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications — Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 2022

How do specific cultural beliefs regarding 'insufficient milk' in rural South African communities mediate the relationship between maternal dietary diversity and the introduction of prelacteal feeds?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved papers discuss general breastfeeding barriers in South Africa [8] and cultural influences in other regions like Ethiopia [6] and Malaysia [9], none specifically address the mediation of 'insufficient milk' beliefs on the relationship between maternal dietary diversity and prelacteal feeds in rural South African communities.

Sources

  1. African Political Systems. — American Sociological Review, 1940
  2. Maternal nutrition counselling is associated with reduced stunting prevalence and improved feeding practices in early childhood: a post-program comparison study — Nutrition Journal, 2019
  3. Trends and determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016 — International Breastfeeding Journal, 2019
  4. Marketing of commercial milk formula: a system to capture parents, communities, science, and policy — The Lancet, 2023
  5. Facilitators, barriers, and factors determining the willingness to donate human milk among postpartum mothers in a tertiary women's hospital in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. — International breastfeeding journal, 2026
  6. Assessment of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Mothers Attending Maternal and Child Health Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital, North Karnataka, India - A Cross-sectional Study. — Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2025
  7. Sociocultural and structural influences on infant and young child feeding in pastoralist communities of Afar, Ethiopia: a qualitative phenomenological study. — BMJ open, 2026
  8. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in East Africa: a systematic review — International Breastfeeding Journal, 2020
  9. Facilitators and barriers associated with breastfeeding among mothers attending primary healthcare facilities in Mpumalanga, South Africa. — Frontiers in nutrition, 2023
  10. Assessing the Influence of Cultural Beliefs and Practices on Early Breastfeeding Initiation Rates in Rural Sarawak Communities, Malaysia — Scientific Journal of Pediatrics, 2023

To what extent do changes in the maternal microbiota (gut, oral, or vaginal) during pregnancy mediate the relationship between maternal perinatal anxiety/depression and the neurodevelopmental outcomes of the offspring?

Why this gap exists: While recent studies confirm associations between maternal mental health and microbiota composition (Abstract 5, 8) and suggest the microbiome-gut-brain axis influences neurodevelopment (Abstract 0, 2), the retrieved evidence does not contain studies that directly test the mediating role of maternal microbiota changes between perinatal anxiety/depression and offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Sources

  1. Parental microbiome programming of early-life neurodevelopment: multi-niche contributions through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. — Gut microbes, 2026
  2. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease — Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2015
  3. Stress during pregnancy alters temporal and spatial dynamics of the maternal and offspring microbiome in a sex-specific manner — Scientific Reports, 2017
  4. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020
  5. Ultra-processed food consumption across early life: implications for pediatric health and disease risk. — Frontiers in nutrition, 2026
  6. Mental health in early pregnancy: Interplay of objectively measured lifestyles, gut microbiota, and metabolomics. — iScience, 2026
  7. The impact of maternal high-fat diet on offspring neurodevelopment — Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2022
  8. Maternal education and offspring birthweight for gestational age: the mediating effect of smoking during pregnancy — arXiv preprint, 2020
  9. Is Gut Microbiota Altered in Depression and Anxiety? — 2025
  10. Vaginal Microbiota: A Critical Component of Reproductive Health and Pregnancy Outcomes — Vaginal Microbiota: A Critical Component of Reproductive Health and Pregnancy Outcomes, 2025

What is the comparative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the one-step 75g OGTT versus the two-step (50g GCT followed by 100g OGTT) diagnostic approach in preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes?

Why this gap exists: While Abstract [7] compares diagnostic criteria and Abstract [4] compares 75g and 100g OGTTs, the retrieved evidence lacks direct, comparative studies on the cost-effectiveness and relative efficacy of the one-step versus two-step *approaches* in preventing adverse outcomes, leaving the specific question unresolved.

Sources

  1. Glucose Intolerance after a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes Based on the 2013 WHO Criteria — PLoS ONE, 2016
  2. A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes — New England Journal of Medicine, 2009
  3. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2013 — Diabetes Care, 2012
  4. An Update on Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review — Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, 2021
  5. Comparison between 75-g and 100-g oral glucose tolerance tests using international association of diabetes and pregnancy study group one-step diagnostic threshold to detect gestational diabetes mellitus — Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2025
  6. Large language models for generating longitudinal synthetic data in low-risk pregnancy care. — Data in brief, 2026
  7. Effects of physical activity and diet in pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on the differential effects of interventions with economic evaluation. — Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2026
  8. 187-OR: Randomized Clinical Trial of the IADPSG vs. Carpenter Coustan Criteria for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus — Diabetes, 2020
  9. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and results of the screening tests at a tertiary referral center: A cross-sectional study. — Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2019
  10. Gestational Diabetes in Somali Women: Neglected Risks for Maternal and Neonatal Health. — International journal of women's health, 2026

How do specific policy frameworks regarding social protection and food systems in low-income countries moderate the projected increase in child wasting and maternal undernutrition caused by economic shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature confirms the projected increase in child wasting and maternal undernutrition due to COVID-19 disruptions [0] and explores general concepts of food system resilience [2] and social protection [3], no study directly quantifies how specific policy frameworks moderate these projected outcomes, leaving the core interaction unresolved.

Sources

  1. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study — The Lancet Global Health, 2020
  2. Biofortification as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition in South Asia. — Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025
  3. Resilience of local food systems and links to food security – A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks — Food Security, 2020
  4. Resilience and Recovery in the Informal Economy: Social Networks, Social Protection, and Adaptive Strategies Among Post-COVID Workers in Bangladesh. — Public health challenges, 2026
  5. Malnutrition at a Crossroads: The Impact of Pandemic, Climate Change, and War on Tigray’s Children Malnutrition — 2026
  6. Economic Shocks, Inequality and Poverty: The Need for Safety Nets — 1998
  7. Lessons from low-to middle-income countries on the development of child protection systems — The Development of Child Protection Systems and Practice in Low- to Middle-Income Countries, 2025
  8. Drivers of Stunting Reduction in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Case Study. — International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022
  9. Inequality, mobility and the financial accumulation process: A computational economic analysis — Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination (2020), online, 2019
  10. The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production — Sustainability, 2020

Publications

Pathogenic FANCC Variants Are Associated with Accessory Breasts in a Sub-Saharan African Multiplex Family

Current Issues in Molecular Biology · 2025 · 1 citations

Pathogenic FANCC Variants are Associated with Accessory Breasts in a Sub-Saharan African Multiplex Family

Preprints.org · 2025

Effect of iron fortification on anaemia and risk of malaria among Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups

BMC Nutrition · 2023 · 11 citations

High opsonic phagocytosis activity and growth inhibition of merozoites are associated with RON4 antibody levels and protect against febrile malaria in Ghanaian children

Frontiers in Immunology · 2023 · 5 citations

Whole-genome sequencing reveals de-novo mutations associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip/palate

Scientific Reports · 2022 · 38 citations

GMZ2 Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses, Naturally Acquired Immunity and the Incidence of Malaria in Burkinabe Children

Frontiers in Immunology · 2022 · 12 citations

Damaging Mutations in <b> <i>AFDN</i> </b> Contribute to Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · 2022 · 6 citations

Effect of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and risk of Malaria among Ghanaian Pre-School Children with Haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups

Research Square · 2022

Effect of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and Risk of Malaria among Ghanaian Pre-School Children with Haemoglobinopathies and Different ABO Blood Groups

Research Square · 2022

Effect of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and Risk of Malaria among Ghanaian Pre-School Children with Haemoglobinopathies and Different ABO Blood Groups

Research Square · 2022

Effect of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and risk of Malaria among Ghanaian Pre-School Children with Haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups

Figshare · 2022

Impact of iron fortification on anaemia and iron deficiency among pre-school children living in Rural Ghana

PLoS ONE · 2021 · 18 citations

Extended follow-up of children in a phase2b trial of the GMZ2 malaria vaccine

Vaccine · 2021 · 15 citations

Variant analyses of candidate genes in orofacial clefts in multi‐ethnic populations

Oral Diseases · 2021 · 10 citations

Suitability of IgG responses to multiple Plasmodium falciparum antigens as markers of transmission intensity and pattern

PLoS ONE · 2021 · 9 citations

Co‐occurrence of orofacial clefts and clubfoot phenotypes in a sub‐Saharan African cohort: Whole‐exome sequencing implicates multiple syndromes and genes

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · 2021 · 9 citations

Genome-Wide Scan for Parent-of-Origin Effects in a sub-Saharan African Cohort With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate (CL/P)

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · 2021 · 9 citations

Whole-genome Sequencing Reveals De-novo Mutations Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate

Research Square · 2021 · 6 citations

Impact of IgG response to malaria-specific antigens and immunity against malaria in pre-school children in Ghana. A cluster randomized, placebo-controlled trial

PLoS ONE · 2021 · 5 citations

Association of Immunoglobulin G3 Hinge Region Length Polymorphism With Cerebral Malaria in Ghanaian Children

The Journal of Infectious Diseases · 2021 · 2 citations

IgG Responses as markers of malaria transmission and pattern

Figshare · 2021

Effect of IgG3 Hinge Region Length Polymorphisms on Iron Fortification among Rural Pre-School Ghanaian Children and Its Associated Risk to Malaria and Anaemia.

Food Science & Nutrition Research · 2021

Variant Analyses of Candidate Genes in Orofacial Clefts in Multi‐Ethnic Populations

The FASEB Journal · 2021

Author response for "Variant analyses of candidate genes in orofacial clefts in multi‐ethnic populations"

2021

Author response for "Variant analyses of candidate genes in orofacial clefts in multi‐ethnic populations"

2021

Non‐random distribution of deleterious mutations in the DNA and protein‐binding domains of <i>IRF6</i> are associated with Van Der Woude syndrome

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · 2020 · 21 citations

Impact of Iron Fortification on Anaemia and Iron Deficiency among Pre-school Children Living in Rural Ghana

Research Square (Research Square) · 2020 · 1 citations

Feeding differing direct-fed microbials and its influence on growth and haematological parameters of growing lambs1

Translational Animal Science · 2019 · 6 citations

Genomic analyses in African populations identify loci for cleft palate

2019

Genomic analyses in African populations identify novel risk loci for cleft palate

Human Molecular Genetics · 2018 · 87 citations

Nutritional Intervention in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy for Cancer

Journal of Cancer and Tumor International · 2018 · 1 citations

Non-Random Distribution of Human Orofacial Clefts in Ghana: Gene-Environment Interactions

Open Journal of Stomatology · 2018 · 1 citations

Loss-of-Function GRHL3 Variants Detected in African Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate

Journal of Dental Research · 2017 · 31 citations

The prevalence, penetrance, and expressivity of etiologic<i><scp>IRF</scp>6</i>variants in orofacial clefts patients from sub‐Saharan Africa

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · 2017 · 14 citations

Association Studies and Direct DNA Sequencing Implicate Genetic Susceptibility Loci in the Etiology of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts in Sub-Saharan African Populations

Journal of Dental Research · 2016 · 55 citations

Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas

Malaria Journal · 2016 · 40 citations

MOESM1 of Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas

Figshare · 2016

MOESM1 of Antibody levels against GLURP R2, MSP1 block 2 hybrid and AS202.11 and the risk of malaria in children living in hyperendemic (Burkina Faso) and hypo-endemic (Ghana) areas

Figshare · 2016

Diagnostic accuracy of blood centers in the screening of blood donors for viral markers

Pan African Medical Journal · 2015 · 18 citations

In vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Hydroethanolic Extracts and Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides

European Journal of Medicinal Plants · 2015 · 14 citations

Effects of chemotherapy and disease burden on the nutritional status of patients undergoing treatment for burkitt’s lymphoma

Der pharmacia lettre · 2015 · 1 citations

The assessment and prediction of malnutrition in children suffering from cancer in Ghana

European Journal of Experimental Biology · 2014 · 7 citations

Body mass index and its effect on rate of hospital visits of staff of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi

Archives of applied science research · 2014 · 2 citations

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its predominant components among pre-and postmenopausal Ghanaian women

BMC Research Notes · 2013 · 76 citations

Fc Gamma Receptor IIIB (FcγRIIIB) Polymorphisms Are Associated with Clinical Malaria in Ghanaian Children

PLoS ONE · 2012 · 58 citations

Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage

Journal of Natural Pharmaceuticals · 2012 · 40 citations

Prediction of metabolic syndrome among postmenopausal Ghanaian women using obesity and atherogenic markers

Lipids in Health and Disease · 2012 · corresponding author · 33 citations

Prognostic significance of biochemical markers in African Burkitt’s lymphoma

Clinical & Translational Oncology · 2011 · 4 citations

Clinical and epidemiological characterisation of Burkitt’s lymphoma: an eight-year case study at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

British Journal of Biomedical Science · 2010 · corresponding author · 10 citations

Clinical and epidemiological characterisation of Burkitt’s lymphoma: an eight-year case study at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

British Journal of Biomedical Science · 2010 · corresponding author · 3 citations

Evaluation of vitamin A supplementation regimens in Ghanaian postpartum mothers with the use of the modified-relative-dose-response test

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 2006 · 37 citations

Induction of Defence Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa ) Cell Lines by Isolates of Verticillium Alboatrum Differing in Host Specificity

Developments in plant pathology · 1993