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Raphael Baffour Awuah

University of Ghana

66 publications · 575 citations · ORCID 0000-0002-8662-9162

Blood donation and transfusion practicesGlobal Public Health Policies and EpidemiologyDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDiabetes Management and EducationChild Nutrition and Water Access

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How do specific maternal microbiota profiles (gut, oral, or vaginal) during gestation correlate with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent long-term metabolic health in offspring?

Why this gap exists: While recent reviews [8] confirm GDM alters maternal gut microbiota and neonatal health, and older studies [0] note dysbiosis across maternal sites, the retrieved evidence lacks direct, longitudinal studies correlating specific gestational maternal microbiota profiles with the *long-term* metabolic health of offspring, leaving the core question unresolved.

What are the specific long-term treatment strategies required to mitigate the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases in children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature consistently establishes that maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the long-term risk of cardiometabolic diseases in offspring [1][2][3], it focuses primarily on pathogenesis and risk association rather than defining specific, evidence-based long-term treatment strategies for the children to mitigate these risks.

To what extent does maternal access to improved water and sanitation facilities mediate the relationship between maternal undernutrition and child developmental outcomes during the first 1,000 days?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved papers confirm the individual importance of WASH access for child nutrition [0], maternal undernutrition for child development [5, 8], and the critical nature of the first 1,000 days [5], none of the provided abstracts directly analyze the specific mediating role of water and sanitation facilities in the relationship between maternal undernutrition and child developmental outcomes.

Sources

  1. Household water, sanitation, and hygiene access and its impact on nutritional outcomes in children under five: evidence from Pakistan.BMC public health, 2026
  2. Early childhood development and stunting: Findings from the MAL‐ED birth cohort study in BangladeshMaternal and Child Nutrition, 2019
  3. Policy and Structural Drivers of Malnutrition in Afghan Women: Evidence and Interventions.International journal of women's health, 2026
  4. COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation strategies: implications for maternal and child health and nutritionAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020
  5. Maternal and child undernutrition 3: what works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survivalChild: Care, Health and Development, 2008
  6. Nutrition as the Foundation of Human Capital: Pathways to Holistic Development.Maternal & child nutrition, 2026
  7. The impacts of maternal iron deficiency and being overweight during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of the offspring.The British journal of nutrition, 2017
  8. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling studyThe Lancet Global Health, 2020
  9. Prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service in public hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.PloS one, 2026
  10. Concurrent wasting and stunting among under‐five children in Niakhar, SenegalMaternal & Child Nutrition, 2018

How do specific policy frameworks regarding social protection and food systems in low-income countries moderate the projected increase in child wasting and maternal undernutrition caused by economic shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature confirms the projected increase in child wasting and maternal undernutrition due to COVID-19 disruptions [0] and explores general concepts of food system resilience [2] and social protection [3], no study directly quantifies how specific policy frameworks moderate these projected outcomes, leaving the core interaction unresolved.

Sources

  1. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling studyThe Lancet Global Health, 2020
  2. Biofortification as a sustainable strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition in South Asia.Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 2025
  3. Resilience of local food systems and links to food security – A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocksFood Security, 2020
  4. Resilience and Recovery in the Informal Economy: Social Networks, Social Protection, and Adaptive Strategies Among Post-COVID Workers in Bangladesh.Public health challenges, 2026
  5. Malnutrition at a Crossroads: The Impact of Pandemic, Climate Change, and War on Tigray’s Children Malnutrition2026
  6. Economic Shocks, Inequality and Poverty: The Need for Safety Nets1998
  7. Lessons from low-to middle-income countries on the development of child protection systemsThe Development of Child Protection Systems and Practice in Low- to Middle-Income Countries, 2025
  8. Drivers of Stunting Reduction in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Case Study.International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022
  9. Inequality, mobility and the financial accumulation process: A computational economic analysisJournal of Economic Interaction and Coordination (2020), online, 2019
  10. The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food ProductionSustainability, 2020

What is the comparative efficacy of household water treatment interventions versus improved water source infrastructure in reducing stunting among children under five in low- and middle-income countries?

Why this gap exists: While the retrieved literature confirms associations between water quality and child growth (e.g., Abstracts 2, 5, 8), no study directly compares the efficacy of household water treatment interventions against improved water source infrastructure for reducing stunting, leaving the specific comparative question unresolved.

Sources

  1. Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector in stunting reductionBMC Public Health, 2016
  2. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling studyThe Lancet Global Health, 2020
  3. Effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea and child growth in rural Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trialThe Lancet Global Health, 2018
  4. Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health and Disease Heterogeneity: A ReviewFrontiers in Environmental Science, 2022
  5. Associated factors with malnutrition among children under-5 years old in Somaliland: evidence from Somaliland health and demographic survey of 2020.BMC public health, 2026
  6. Safe Drinking Water and Its Impact on Children's Growth and Development: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026
  7. Modelling the impact of dietary diversity on child nutrition in Pakistan: a machine learning analysis with Shapley Additive exPlanations and Boruta interpretability.Journal of global health, 2026
  8. Effectiveness of interventions to improve drinking water, sanitation, and handwashing with soap on risk of diarrhoeal disease in children in low-income and middle-income settings: a systematic review and meta-analysisThe Lancet, 2022
  9. Effect of Household Source of Drinking Water on Malnutrition among under Five Children in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis2026
  10. Water Bridging Dynamics of Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Gauge Theory Paradigm of Quantum FieldsWater 2017, 9, 339, 2018

What is the comparative efficacy of digital or telehealth lactation support versus traditional face-to-face peer support on breastfeeding exclusivity rates during pandemic-related social restrictions?

Why this gap exists: While Abstract [3] confirms the general effectiveness of digital health interventions on breastfeeding practices and Abstract [0] notes the cancellation of face-to-face peer support during the pandemic, the retrieved evidence does not contain a direct comparative study between digital/telehealth lactation support and traditional face-to-face peer support specifically regarding exclusivity rates during social restrictions.

Publications